The lymphatic system plays an important role in immune regulation, transport of metabolites,
and fluid balance. The key circulatory role of the lymphatic system is to transport fluid from
tissue back into the venous system via lymphovenous connections. Despite the centuries-
old recognition of this key role, there has been poor understanding of lymphatic flow
pathophysiology because of a lack of a simple reliable noninvasive clinical lymphatic
imaging method. This lack of clinical imaging has limited the treatment options for patients …